the latter for sure.

Dengism was a way to aquiring foreign capital and advanced labor-saving technologies while also creating mutually-assured (economic) destruction between China and the United States.

In the advanced countries the latest Means of Production and trade relationships are already there and cannot be improved by foreign capital any more than they can be by the workers’ state. And in the USA specifically there is no foreign military or economic threat that you need to address through MAD.

Black Americans can seize the means of production, the countries in the global south did not have anything to seize, especially 1950s China.

would say Tulsa 1921 points to the answer

The latter since the the state is ruled by the bougeoise class and not the proletariat.