In addition to industrialization, one important prerequisite of capitalism is the global market. Mass industrialization requires mass resource gathering through global trade networks. This is done through colonialism, slavery, and exploiting existing strained feudal relationship conflicts in other regions, on a global scale. With the creation of the Gutenberg press and the ‘Age of Exploration’, global trade networks and mass communication was possible, which allowed for the creation of the global market. It’s only when all these material conditions are in place, along with a bourgeoisie revolution (where the merchant class revolts against the aristocracy), that the primary mode of production can change from feudalism to capitalism.

WRT Japan, remember that having capitalism as the mode of production in a society only means that it’s the primary way to produce in that society. The classes of merchants and specialized craftspeople existed under feudalism, but they weren’t yet the main class conflict until the previous rule of aristocracy was overthrown.