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It basically meant someone who derived their power from the masses instead of the ruling elites iirc.
They also mean usurpers in the sense that they did’t come to power through the usual channels.
I mean, it is kinda stretching it matching it up with populism, but the usual channel was through a popular uprising, and it’s why Plato thought democracies necessarily “devolved” into tyrannies. The rabble get a taste, and because they’re ignorant, easily-swayed rabble they support this asshole tyrant’s claim to power. Otherwise, it generally had neither positive or negative connotations, while today it’s universally used negatively.
Can even find a hundred articles making the Plato connection with trump, when we’d mainly just call him a populist.